A Blog by Jonathan Low

 

Feb 18, 2017

Neuroscience Explains How We Get Hacked So Easily

 We're too busy multi-tasking for our brains to take threat warnings seriously, if at all. JL

Tom Simonite reports in MIT Technology Review:

Security professionals need to worry not only about attackers but the neurobiology of their users. MRI scans of people’s brains to reveal the mechanisms behind the way they perceive or ignore security warnings. Multitasking is partly to blame. People were three times less likely to correctly interpret a message when they reacted to security warnings while also performing another task.

Why Apple Is Hyping Augmented Reality

They think it will sell better, sooner, because rather than excluding the rest of the world like virtual reality, it is inclusive of other influences (which tech has already learned to monetize.) JL

Matt Kapko reports in CIO:

“I’m excited about augmented reality because unlike virtual reality, which closes the world out, AR allows individuals to be present in the world but allows an improvement on what’s happening. Most people don’t want to lock themselves out from the world. With AR you can, not be engrossed in something, but have it be a part of your world, of  your conversation. That has resonance.”

The Reason Whole Foods Is Now Struggling

The company earned the nickname 'Whole Paycheck' for the seemingly outrageous prices they charged for what, they argued - and their loyal customers seemed validate - was worth it for healthier, better tasting food.

But with organics having gained mass market acceptability, fewer people want - or have to - pay as much anymore. JL

Caitlin Dewey reports in the Wonkblog:

Whole Foods reported its worst performance in a decade, announcing its sixth consecutive quarter of falling sales. The company is closing nine stores. Organics have become so thoroughly mainstream that organic chains now have to face big-box competitors. Mass-market retailers were responsible for 53.3% of organic food sales in 2015. Whole Foods created this space and had it all to themselves for years but now there's a lot of competition.

How the Subscription Economy Will Change the Price Each Individual Pays

If you can afford to pay more, should you? And the same question applies to those who can only afford to pay less. Differential pricing offers based on a range of personal data is legal in most localities, as long as the differentiation is not explicitly based solely on ethnicity, gender or age.

Consumers have already acceded to the welter of prices in travel and to the notion that deals are available in some places but not others. Forget net neutrality: this is bigger. The question is what the tolerance will be when this becomes personal. And what it may do to the democratic institutions which created this sort of economic opportunity. JL

Blair McNea reports in Advertising Age:

Should a customer in New York pay a higher price than someone from Ohio for the same service? Should a doctor in Ohio pay a higher price than a New York taxi driver? Should a Mac user be steered to a pricier hotel when shopping online? Hint: It's already happening.
Firms are experimenting with charging customers different prices and using alternate pricing plans, based on data and analytics that can maximize revenues and customer satisfaction.

IBM and Visa Explore New Points of Sale: Like Your Running Shoes, Your Washing Machine, Your Car...

Intrusive? Undoubtedly. But if it makes life faster, cheaper and more convenient, get out of the way. The challenge will be reining in the instinct to goose revenues by sticking it to consumers. JL

Edward Baig reports in USA Today:

Visa is teaming up with IBM Watson to bring secure payment experiences to all sorts of connected products and services. Visa’s expertise is in processing payments but Watson may help improve the shopping environment (by) listening to people in a room to determine their mood, and then alter the lighting. “It’s the combination of data coming off the sensors, tied to a device about your preferences. Payments is what completes the experience."

Will We Ever Trust Autonomous Cars?

We tend, these days, to have more faith in technology than in our fellow man. But the notion of control, especially in a moving vehicle, is deeply ingrained, even as our trust in institutions and their decision-makers wanes. It will take time for consumers to trust a machine with their lives. And one highly publicized accident could significantly set the process back.

Which is why building trust may be as important to manufacturers and marketers as building the product. JL

Mike Brown reports in Inverse:

A Kelley Blue Book poll in 2016 found that 51 percent of respondents would rather have full control of their vehicle, even if it would not be as safe as an autonomous one. And a AAA survey from the same year found a staggering 75 percent of respondents were afraid to ride in an autonomous car.

Feb 17, 2017

Enemy of the Status Quo: Why Social Media Always Favors the Outsider

Technology generally - and social media specifically - has narrowed the gap between outsiders and insiders.

No one has a monopoly any longer on the ability to communicate, to build a following - or to undermine an opponent. This, intrinsically, favors outsiders because their resources were traditionally weaker. And it is easier to attack than to defend, especially when the battle is about ideas. JL  

Yascha Mounk reports in Slate:

The printing press spread ethnic conflict as well as erudition, and did as much to deepen the theological division in Europe as it did to breed tolerance among different faiths. It has become  simpler and cheaper to build supporters and align what they do. The technological gap between establishment parties and fringe movements has narrowed, as has the ability of outsider candidates to win. Neither wholly good nor wholly bad, social media favors the outsider over the insider, and the forces of instability over the defenders of the status quo.

Will Virtual Reality Ever Go Mainstream?

Experience has taught us to never say never when it comes to new technologies.

But it has also reminded us that hype can frequently be confused with facts - and until someone comes up with more practical - and affordable - uses, it may remain a niche. JL

Erin Griffith reports in Fortune:

VR amounts to exhilaration followed by discomfort and apathy—a journey that mirrors the technology’s trajectory as a business.VR headsets and software missed sales predictions by 29% last year. (Analysts) slashed projections for the market to $25 billion by 2021. Augmented reality (e.g., Pokémon Go), would generate a whopping $83 billion by the same date. VR is isolating - taking snubbing real-world companions for the distractions of your phone—to a new level."The hype surrounding VR reminds me of 3D printers."

Foodies Who Code: Hospitality Industry is Hiring Tech Workers To Compete With Airbnb, Trip Advisor

Travel is growing and with it, both opportunity and threat. From the dominance of online or mobile reservations and pay to new forms of lodging via Airbnb to social media reviews, to the danger - and embarrassment - of ransom ware keeping guests out of their rooms, hospitality could become the most technologically dependent industry of all. JL

Julie Weed reports in the New York Times:

More than ever, guests look to their phones and computers to research, book, stay in and communicate with hotels. That translates to critical technology needs in information security, mobile development and systems integration. Travel brands strive to understand how the experiences they provide make travelers feel.

The US Federal Aviation Administration Just Gave Its First Approval For Drone Flight At A Major Airport

Whatever the carefully constructed - and constricted - language about the approval process, the goal is clearly to begin integrating drone flight into broader commercial use. JL

April Glaser reports in Re/code:

Seven flights were conducted by Berkeley-based 3D Robotics on Jan. 10 at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International, the busiest airport in the world. The permit required three spotters to be watching the drone during its flight and to coordinate closely with air traffic control.

Why Our Company's Remote Work System Failed

People issues overwhelm technology and organization. JL

Ben Cheng reports in Medium:

What we underestimated was the effort that the entire company would have to make remote work work. Work boundaries break down, people missed out on things, technology is iffy, ideas happen in person, efficiency suffers, differences in working style get more acute. We still value giving our team flexibility to work efficiently. However, we don’t need to  say “yes” to every new hire who wants to work remotely before proving themselves.

Who Will Own the Robots?

The economic debate over automation generally and artificial intelligence specifically must no longer be about whether technology will take away jobs. It has and it will continue to do so. Meanwhile other work is being created. The larger question is that given the widespread use of tech, especially mobile devices, why it is taking so long for the benefits to be more equitably distributed.

Adaptation of technology often takes as long as 40 years - and one could argue that we are 'only' 20 years into this latest wave. As Henry Ford understood as he expanded the accessibility of the automobile, success lay in the scale offered by the broadest possible ownership of his product, exemplified by its affordability to his own workforce.

The debate is currently centered on whether the the process is working but taking its time or whether more has to be done to ease the transition. Are we really worse off than our predecessors, going back to the industrial age. Or is the impact of mass communication making the public more aware of the problem? Successful companies are not waiting for answers, but are rethinking organization, compensation and strategy to actively manage rather than passively accept the result. JL

David Rotman reports in MIT Technology Review:

Apple stores have found a winning strategy by not following the conventional logic of using automation to lower labor costs. The company has deployed an army of tech-savvy sales employees toting digital gadgets to offer a novel shopping experience and to profitably expand its business. "We always wanted to increase productivity. The solution is not to hold back on innovation, but how do you keep people engaged." Machines are tools. If ownership is widely shared, people could boost productivity and increase both earnings and leisure.

Feb 16, 2017

Arsonist Gets Busted By His Own Pacemaker

The internet of things gets its man (however inadvertently). Nothing is secret - and your devices have no loyalty. JL

Karl Bode reports in TechDirt:

A man was indicted on arson and insurance fraud after his Pacemaker data contradicted the story he was telling when (his) home burned down . Police obtained a warrant for the data stored on the device. Doctors concluded that the story the man's heart was telling didn't match the narrative coming out of his mouth: it was "highly improbable," due to his medical conditions, that (he) could do the collecting, packing and removal of items from his house, then carry them in the short period of time indicated

Elon Musk Says Humans Must Become Cyborgs To Stay Relevant. What Could Go Wrong?

Sure, no problem. Who wouldn't want to become a cyborg...to say nothing of paying for it?  JL

Olivia Solon reports in The Guardian:

Musk argued that as AI becomes more sophisticated “there will be fewer and fewer jobs that a robot can’t do better.” So we enter the realm of brain-computer interfaces. The theory is that with sufficient knowledge of neural activity it will be possible to create “neuroprosthetics” that could allow us to communicate complex ideas telepathically or give us additional cognitive or sensory abilities. (But others say) “the idea that digital machines will one day surpass human capacity is total baloney.”

The Price Of Solar Panels Keeps Falling. So How Come Solar Isn't Getting Cheaper?

In the knowledge economy, 'soft costs' grow, while tangible, 'hard costs' shrink. JL

Ben Schiller reports in Fast Company:

"Soft costs"—which include signing up customers, installation, and maintenance—remain high, especially when you compare the U.S. with other leading markets, including Germany and Australia. Soft costs comprise about 67% of a total [U.S.] residential price. So while continued hardware cost reductions and technology innovation will continue to bring down overall system prices, 'dramatic' cost reductions will primarily come from reducing soft costs."

You Are the Global Supply Chain

There is no 'them' or 'us.' We are inextricably linked with the global supply chain. The challenge is how to make it work for more of the people affected by it. JL

Daniel Gross comments in strategy+business:

We have met the global supply chain, and it is us.

Building Emotionally Aware Cars On the Road To Full Autonomy

Working to overcome our fears of driverless technology (thus encouraging us to buy) - while saving us from ourselves.JL

Rana el Kaliouby reports in Venture Beat:

Leveraging emotion recognition technology that senses and analyzes expressions of emotion, cars will soon come equipped with the ability to perceive our reactions and moods and to respond accordingly. These “emotionally aware” vehicles will benefit the automotive industry and consumers.

The Real Risk of Ending Net Neutrality

Unintended consequences, like making digital startups' access to the net so expensive that it stifles innovation. JL

Christopher Mims reports in the Wall Street Journal:

The real risk isn’t that deep-pocketed internet giants would be unable to pay for telecom play. Rather, it’s that any would-be next big thing will instead be smothered in the cradle. In Snapchat’s IPO filing, the company listed the end of net neutrality as a potential threat to its long term prospects. Imagine what these changes might mean to a startup at the seed stage, with only a few million in investment.

Feb 15, 2017

Tech and the Rise of Fake Markets

How short term thinking has come to pervade the digital as well as analog business thinking. JL

Anil Dash comments in Medium:

We’ve lost the ability to discern that a short-term benefit for some users that’s subsidized by an unsustainable investment model will lead to terrible long-term consequences for society. We’re hooked on the temporary infusion of venture capital dollars into vulnerable markets that we know are about to be remade by technological transformation and automation

Apple Shares Hit High For First Time In Two Years

Driven by real growth prospects based on expectations of further iPhone demand...or emotional unwillingness to let go? JL

Noel Randewich reports in Reuters:

Many on Wall Street believe that strong sales of the iPhone 6S two years ago have left a larger-than-normal base of customers ready to upgrade.Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway said in a filing it more than tripled its stake in Apple during the December quarter to 57.4 million shares from 15.2 million shares.

A New Mind-Set: Shorter Employee Attention Spans

The psychology of human information processing has changed. Attention spans are shorter thanks to the sheer volume of data being transmitted and absorbed as well as the short-form platforms like text and social media through which it is delivered.

Successful companies understand that to communicate effectively they need to adapt to the world they have helped create and enable by delivering whatever content they have in ways that have the greatest chance of grabbing attention, let alone effecting outcomes. JL

Heather Clancy reports in Fortune:

People are not patient for long-form content. They want to skip to the part they need. There’s big money at stake: Companies spent an average of $1,004 per employee on training and certification materials. “It’s worth making the investment if you want top people to stay longer and do their job better.”

Feb 14, 2017

Is the Open Source Artificial Intelligence Model Outdated?

Scale requires greater transparency. JL

Kumar Srivastava reports in Tech Crunch:

We need a new open source model that enables enterprises to contribute and leverage not just the AI and ML build technology but the information that reveals the assumptions and biases in AI & ML models (at the data or feature level) and feedback loops that enable consumers of AI & ML models to contribute back important data and feedback to all AI & ML products serving a certain use case or scenario. 

A French Presidential Candidate Wants To Tax Robots To Save Human Workers

The question is whether robotization is an unalloyed good that should be supported by fiscal policy - or whether the benefits may be inflated by the under-assessment of their social and public costs. JL

Roisin Kiberd reports in Motherboard:

When a worker is replaced by a machine, the wealth created benefits the shareholders. I propose, therefore, to tax this wealth—by applying the social contributions on the whole of the added value and not just on the work. Where robots outdo human productivity, the taxes on them would increase. But it also raises questions: What exactly is a robot's "added value," and can it be measured by the number of humans a machine replaces?

Should Licenses Be Required For Owners of Self-Driving Cars?

Even though car owners in the future may never actually drive, as we have come to understand the term, it is probable that licenses will still be required for two reasons: first, to assess legal liability in the case of accident or mishap, and second because they are a major source of consumer data at a time when that information drives much of business and government decision-making. JL

Mike Brown reports in Inverse:

If your car can drive itself, why do you need a license? In October, the California Department of Motor Vehicles announced that it won’t require drivers licenses for self-driving cars if the federal government deemed them safe enough.

The Vice and Virtue Index: How Spending Changes After the Holidays

Have your kale and eat it, too. JL

The Price Economics blog reports:

Data illustrate a binge-and-purge cycle to holiday spending.After the holidays, spending dropped in “vice” categories like alcohol, fast food, and beauty. At the same time, there was an uptick in spending on “virtue” categories like health clubs and diet foods.

70 Percent of Firms Report Cyberattack In the Past Year

In an economy where every business is, at its core, a tech business, data drives operations and finance.  So attempts to steal or corrupt information is a core organizational threat. JL

Kimberly Whitler reports in Forbes:

Information is one of the most valuable assets of an organization. Global card fraud losses have reached over $16.3 Billion and will exceed $35 Billion by 2020. The most prepared firms are those who have already experienced some kind of a breach. They don’t just attempt to prevent attackers from getting in, they know that eventually they will, and take the next steps. They also understand that it isn’t a security technology issue, it’s a business issue.

Why It Matters That Chinese Mobile Payments Dwarf Those In the US

This is about innovation that, unlike manipulative financial engineering in the US, will provide growth, consumer support for greater spending and competitive advantage for the Chinese nation in the global economic race. JL

Gabriel Wildau and Leslie Hook report in the Financial Times:

Chinese mobile payments were nearly 50 times greater than those in the US last year. Digital payment platforms remain a critical part of the underlying fintech infrastructure in China but are also an important source of transaction and financial data that is increasingly being leveraged by the payment companies for new fintech platforms, products and services.

Feb 13, 2017

The Mixed Experience of Fighting Online Trolls With Bots

Perceptions of power affect reaction to bots as well as to humans. JL

Savage reports in The Conversation:

Humans’ reactions to bots’ interventions matter, and inform how we design bots and what we tell them to do. Calling out Twitter users for racist behavior ended up reducing those users’ racist communications over time – if the bot doing the chastising appeared to be a white man with a large number of followers, two factors that conferred social status and power. If the bot had relatively few followers or was a black man, its interventions were not successful.

Code Dependent: Pros and Cons of the Algorithmic Age

The larger point may be that the role of algorithms in our lives will only grow rather than shrink so we'd better learn enough about them to make the net impact positive rather than negative. JL

Lee Rainie and Janna Anderson report in Pew:

Algorithms are aimed at optimizing everything. They can save lives, make things easier and conquer chaos. Still, experts worry they can also put too much control in the hands of corporations and governments, perpetuate bias, create filter bubbles, cut choices, creativity and serendipity, and could result in greater unemployment.

The Reality: Super Bowl Ads Haven't Helped Purchase Consideration Much

Which raises questions about whether the focus on attention and cutting through the clutter matters much if consumers, in the end, are entertained, but not inspired to buy. JL

Nat Ives reports in Advertising Age:

In Buzz, which reflects what consumers have heard about brands, five achieved statistically signifcant improvement: the NFL, Avocados From Mexico, Skittles, T-Mobile and Bai. In Word of Mouth, reflecting how much respondents have said about brands, just three made a statistically significant leap: the NFL, Bai and Busch. But in Purchase Consideration, scoring just what it sounds like, nobody made an immediate statistically significant gain.

Those Jobs Are Gone Forever. Let's Gear Up For What's Next

The future of work is not in competing with robots, it's in learning to tell them what to do. JL

Quincy Larson comments in Medium:

A vast majority of the value that rolls out of factories is not produced in the factories themselves. It’s produced by people sitting in front of computers in their office — and increasingly, in their own homes. These are the people who tell the machines what to do.

The Reason Twitter Hopes Machine Learning Can Save It

The company is hoping artificial intelligence and machine learning will make the information it feeds to users more relevant, leading those users to engage more actively - and thus make its service more attractive to advertisers.But even with the increased interest stimulated by President Trump, Facebook still grew than five times more than Twitter in the same period. 

The question is whether, given the power of available alternatives, it is already too late. JL

Chris O'Brien reports in Venture Beat:

Dorsey pointed to the growth over the last three months in statistics like daily active users, engagement, and tweet impressions that people see. The company has been breaking away from its traditional firehose, real-time format to help users find more interesting tweets that they may have missed.That seems to be paying off in terms of getting more current users to engage more often. And Dorsey credited the company’s machine learning efforts for that success.

Why Reorganizations To Enhance Productivity Often Aren't Ambitious Enough

Increasing organizational productivity is, by its nature, disruptive. And managers often balk at the cost, both financial and operational.

But successful enterprises understand that the instincts which inspired change should be supported - and are worth the price. Because stasis is usually far more expensive. JL  

Ron Carucci reports in Harvard Business Review:

The success rate for organizational redesign efforts is less than 25%. (It) is not a static, one-time event. It is an ongoing management discipline. Competitive work must be organized for effectiveness and mastery. Designing optimal organizations takes hard work, sacrifice, and significant trade-offs. They must be balanced against the realities and constraints of real life.

Feb 12, 2017

Man Sues Uber For It's App's Revelation of Extra-Marital Affair

And to think there was a time when people believed that data had no intrinsic value. JL

BBC reports:

A businessman in southern France is suing ride-hailing company Uber over his wife's discovery of rides he took to see his lover. Despite logging off, the application continued to send notifications to her iPhone afterwards, revealing his travel history and arousing her suspicions.

Our Bots, Ourselves

The line between the virtual and the tangible has already been crossed. But how far are we willing to go? JL

Matthew Hutson reports in The Atlantic:

We already know that people can form emotional bonds with Roomba vacuum cleaners and other relatively rudimentary robots. How will we relate to AI agents that speak to us in human voices and seem to understand us on a deep level? The descendants of Siri and Alexa could change our daily lives, thoughts, and relationships

How A Bored Teen Hacked 150,000 Printers To Show the Internet of Things' Vulnerability

Because he could. JL

Christopher Moyer reports in Motherboard:

"I never meant for it to get this big, to be honest."

Is the Real Threat Dumb Artificial Intelligence?

A question is whether being ruled, supplanted or forced to collaborate with dumb machines is any better than having to do so with dumb humans. JL

Alan Bundy reports in Communications of the ACM:

As AI progresses, we will see even more applications that are super-intelligent in a narrow area and incredibly dumb everywhere else. The areas of successful application will get gradually wider and the areas of dumbness narrower, but not disappear. We will develop a zoo of highly diverse AI machines, each with a level of intelligence appropriate to its task

Almost Half of Young Adults Get Rent Help From Parents

Costs have gone up, just as incomes and job security have gone down. JL

Quoctrung Bui reports in the New York Times:

Financial dependence among 20-somethings has steadily grown in the past few decades. In the 1980s, fewer than half of this age group received parental support. By 2010 nearly 70% did. This helps explain the country’s decline in internal mobility. When the barriers to moving to metro areas with high-paying jobs are too high, it undermines the long-held belief that people can simply uproot themselves for better job opportunities.

How Tech Companies Are Blurring the Lines Over Who Owns Your Devices

Creation has become 'hard' and ownership has become 'soft.' JL

Jeremy Wagstaff reports in Reuters:

Companies are exerting greater remote control over their devices — changing how and whether they work, removing or adding software and content, or collecting personal data from them — not always with permission. Devices … are no longer objects we own, but rather services we’ve subscribed to and which can be revoked at a moment’s notice.