A Blog by Jonathan Low

 

Oct 22, 2016

The Only Way An Algorithm Can Tell If You Like A Song Is By Scanning Your Brain

The personal information trade-off may not seem worth it to you, but then you're probably not a record company. JL

Jacek Krywko reports in Quartz:

Because various areas of the brain are involved in music appreciation, our subjective experience of music depends on intensity of interconnections between those different brain regions—and this intensity could be reliably measured with simple EEG scanner.

Chipotle Eats Itself

A cautionary tale about what happens when good intentions meet the need for fast growth. JL

Austin Carr reports in Fast Company:

Chipotle’s future hinges less on hourly audits or triple-washed lettuce or rewards programs than a reimagining of what Food With Integrity means for the next 20 years. Can a leadership team helmed by three college buddies make that transition? What about a board of directors with a 17-year median tenure? "Whether or not the food-safety issues happened, this is a company  where the skills that got them here are not the same skills they need to get to the next place."

Here's What the Rest of the World Is Googling About the US Election

The rest of the world has apparently not yet caught up to the prevalent view in the US, which is that the bulk of the sentient population just wants this thing to be over. JL

Liz Stinson reports in Wired:

Africa is the continent most interested in Hillary Clinton, while residents of Oceania (Australia and New Zealand) do the bulk of Googling on Donald Trump. Sweden is searching Clinton and foreign policy far more than Canada.

Goodbye QWERTY, Hello Emojis: Apple Rethinks the Standard Keyboard

For a world in which English or Romance language letters and numbers are no longer enough. JL

Eva Dou reports in the Wall Street Journal:

Tech giant is working on a laptop that will be able to carry any alphabet, special commands and symbols . The new keyboards will be a standard feature on MacBook laptops, and will be able to display any alphabet, along with an unlimited number of special commands and emojis.

The Perpetual Lineup: Half of US Adults Are In A Face Recognition Database

Don't get so upset! You're probably guilty of something...JL

David Kravets reports in ars technica:

26 states or more allow police agencies to "run or request searches" against their databases or driver's licenses and ID photos. This equates to "roughly one in two American adults has their photos searched this way.

Oct 21, 2016

Virtual Reality Is Way Cool, But Will People Actually Buy It?

Desperation for new products to goose consumer tech sales does not equal a compelling sales proposition. JL

Jamie Condliffe reports in MIT Technology Review:

2016 was billed as a banner year for virtual reality, but even some of its biggest boosters admit that it’s been a tough sell. It needs to find some more compelling use cases that people find valuable. Until that happens, sales are likely to remain slow.

Is Our Reliance On Automation Causing Our Skills To Diminish?

Suffice it to say that we in the process of finding out. JL

Tim Harford reports in The Guardian:

Automatic systems accommodate incompetence by being easy to operate and by automatically correcting mistakes. An inexpert operator can function for a long time before his lack of skill becomes apparent. Second, even if operators are expert, automatic systems erode their skills by removing the need for practice. Third, automatic systems tend to fail in unusual situations requiring a skilful response. A more capable and reliable automatic system makes the situation worse.

Google's Nit-Picky Hiring Process Is Turning Off Experienced Coders

Does the company actually want younger people it can mold - and pay less - or has this simply become an embedded practice for which it became famous but that has outlived its utility and may even be counterproductive? JL

Julie Bort reports in Business Insider:

"When you are just out college, there's a lot of algorithms, and data structures and fast-thinking on a whiteboard, like you do in school. As opposed to real software engineering. In 20 years, I've never used a whiteboard. I use my computer. But in job interviews they do it all the time." Some programmers believe the company has designed its tough recruitment process to heavily favor those fresh from school with less real-world experience.

The Reasons Amazon Wants To Scan Your License Plate

Just another means of optimizing how the company generates consumer purchases, penalizing and rewarding customers who comply - or don't. JL

Kaveh Waddell reports in The Atlantic:

Combining location data with the already extensive information that Amazon has on individuals’ shopping and browsing history would be potentially beneficial to both the company and its customers, who would presumably get better recommendations—but it would be a particularly invasive way to gather data on online shoppers, if it didn’t come with a clear and easy way to opt out.

Technology and the Hiring Game

Using algorithms to sort job candidates has helped manage volume, but not necessarily accuracy, leaving both employers and job applicants frustrated.

Some enterprises are trying a gaming approach, which may, at least, give applicants a sense that their personal skills are truly being evaluated - and even yield a happier, more successful result for all involved. JL

Ryan Craig comments in Tech Crunch:

Most employers believe technology has made hiring harder. Approximately 85% of job descriptions are posted online with each job yielding hundreds of digital applications. Sanity depends on keyword-based filters that yield candidate pools that are workable, albeit imprecise. For any ATS-filtered candidate pool there are as many false positives + false negatives.

Why Being Moral Means You Can Never Do Enough

Society and its leaders are constantly faced with decisions framed in moral terms: ethics, environmental remediation, human rights, promotions, gender equity,  fair pay and other issues whose impact may be both economic, social and philosophical but whose immediate consequences are financial.

The question, as the following article explains, is to what degree the concept of 'enough' is applicable. If a decision is right, then at what point is not right enough or no longer right because of the cost?

When the CVS chain of pharmacies-cum-convenience stores chose to stop selling cigarettes, it suffered billions in lost revenue. But the leaders concluded both that they were confident they could make it up - and that even if it took longer than securities analysts and shareholders might like, there were no acceptable half measures for a business whose basic premise was providing products and services to promote health.

Google's statement of purpose, 'don't be evil,' with its lack of specificity, rather pales by comparison. 

The reality is that a truly moral issue has normative influence in ways that effect brand, reputation and economic fundamentals in the short and long term. Successful enterprises and the people who run them will embrace the opportunity to make that statement. JL

Michael Mitchell comments in Aeon:

Morality can’t possibly demand that we sacrifice hard-earned dollars for strangers. Could morality really require that (we) do more? Philosophers refer to versions of this concern as the ‘demandingness objection’. To justify a less demanding theory, these objectors need to explain why it is sometimes permissible not to do the best thing.

Oct 20, 2016

Smart Cars Need Smart Roads

Monetizing publicly available data in much the same way census information has been effectively commercialized. JL

Brent Skorup reports in Backchannel:

Cities could use sensor data for conducting traffic studies, pushing out real-time public bus alerts, increasing parking space occupancy, metering loading times to prevent congestion, and enhancing pedestrian safety. Commercial applications for sensor data: How many cars drive by a billboard? How many people walk by a storefront per day? How many of those people have dogs?

Any Business On Facebook Can Now Sell Goods Right From Its Page

Between Facebook, Amazon and Google, commercial access to the internet is increasingly limited to their funnels. JL

Kurt Wagner reports in Re/code:

From deciding where to eat, to booking your next hair appointment, to buying movie tickets at the local theatre, Facebook wants to eventually control, or be involved with, every decision you make when it comes to local commerce.

Why Silicon Valley Is Outspending Wall Street on Washington Lobbying

Taxes, anti-trust and competition, intellectual property ownership, cyber security...There is almost no crucial strategic issue facing tech in which the government does not actually or potentially play a significant role. JL

Saleha Mohsin reports in Bloomberg:

Competition policy, that’s the thing they’re most scared of. If a Microsoft-style case was brought against any of these companies, it could totally change their business prospects. It could result in radical changes to the scale and structure of their corporations

How Big Data Algorithms Manipulate Us

Our unerring faith in the objectivity of data can, is and will be used against us. It's not personal, it's just business. JL

Cathy O'Neil reports in Wired:

Dual promises exist in the current world of Big Data, where smart money armed with big data continually searches for opportunities to exploit dumb money—increasingly, individuals, swing voters, and even democracy itself. As long as the public trusts in the objectivity of statistical models, and as long as they remain intimidated by them, such opportunities will likely continue.

Why Airbnb Thinks It's Worth More Than $30 Billion

As virtually all tech companies eventually discover, their original market is too confining if they want to continue to grow - and justify their market valuation.

Which is why Airbnb is now redefining what it does in ways that suggest it will consider almost any new option that expands its platform opportunities. The sky's the limit. Or maybe not. JL

Alison Griswold reports in Quartz:

Airbnb started as a simple matching platform for hosts and guests, but now is preparing to expand beyond that. "Going forward, we’re really exploring the full boundaries of everything that someone needs, and also how can we reinvent that experience."

Will Technology Make Ownership Obsolete?

When we buy a physical product, our understanding, based on centuries of legal precedent, is that we then have certain rights with regard to how we treat it or sell it

In the digital era those rights are less clear. Amazon and Apple have deleted e-books already purchased or discontinued access to music. So far, they have not done so to such a degree that it has sparked a result.

But the growing intersection of the tangible and intangible is where they may collide in the future. Buying a car or a fridge or another physical substance which is dependent on digital input brings our expectations about the meaning of ownership and purchase into sharper focus. And the question is to what degree consumers will accede to loss of what they have come to think of as control - unless there is a decided economic advantage to them in doing so. JL 

Aaron Perzanowski reports in Slate:

Through a lifetime of experience with physical goods, most of us understand intuitively what it means to buy things and to own them. Words like own and buy prime consumers to rely on these familiar concepts of personal property to understand their rights in digital purchases. But those engrained consumer expectations are a far less reliable guide for digital goods.

Oct 19, 2016

'On-Body Transmissions:' Scientists Engineer Means of Sending Passcodes Via Human Skin Connection

Is it just us or is the obsession with online security leading to even creepier compromises with other forms of personal security? JL

Kaveh Waddell reports in Business Insider:

New technology sends passcodes through the human body. The technology uses touchpads and fingerprint readers to create signals that travel through skin—and, unlike wireless broadcasts, the “on-body” transmissions can’t be intercepted over the air. (But) devices touching a body conducting a charge can read the signal, raising the possibility that malware on  a smartwatch could be used to eavesdrop on a passcode as it moves from limb to limb.

Can Trump the Brand Survive Trump the Political Candidate?

A brand is a promise to the consumer. The Trump name used to be known for luxury and exclusivity.

But the appeal of the presidential candidate who bears the name appears most attractive to people who, by dint of their demographics, might be challenged at the door, even if they could come up with the money for a room. Meanwhile, not a single Fortune 500 company CEO has endorsed him.

That the company has decided to rebrand is probably not just a good idea, but a crucial one if they hope to survive as a commercial entity. JL

Lorraine Woellert reports in Politico:

Last month the company launched a hotel brand — Scion — that will offer the Trump experience minus the Trump moniker. A champion brand requires authenticity and attachment to something bigger. “He has alignment with his core followers on the political trail, but is he aligned with his core customers? As an $800-a-night hotelier, I don’t think he is.”

The Weaponization of Social Media

In the age of intangibles, ideas can be mobilized, focused and weaponized more stealthily, faster and with significant lethality in more ways than can the traditionally tangible missiles, tanks and troops. JL


Emerson Brooking and P.W. Singer report in The Atlantic:

Social-media reinforce(s) “us versus them” narratives, exposes vulnerable people to virulent ideologies, and inflames hatreds. (It) creates groundswells of popular opinion impossible to control. By democratizing the spread of information and erasing boundaries of time and distance, (it) has transformed war to an extent not seen since the telegraph. The age of social media should be an age of peace and understanding. The same was once said of the telegraph.

Hacked By Your Fridge: How the Internet of Things Is Increasing the Risk of Cyberattack

Krebs on Security is a well-known and well regarded web-based source of cybercrime knowledge. It was hacked, not - as the following article explains - by a high powered computer, but by a group of mundane connected devices.

This was probably not the first attack of its kind. And it definitely wont be the last. But questions about how to protect against such intrusions - and who is liable for them when they occur - could get complicated. To say nothing of nasty. JL

Mihai Lazarescu comments in The Conversation:

The Krebs attack wasn’t executed by conventional computers, but rather by Internet of Things (IoT) devices – including innocuous digital video recorders and security cameras. The devices are not designed with security as a key focus; convenience and cost are the main considerations.

On the Hiring and Management of Freelance Professionals

They have information. And they have options.  So as the following article explains, the golden rule of business applies: treat others as you want to be treated. Or suffer the consequences. JL

Jared Lindzon reports in Fast Company:

Even if you’ve never worked with a freelancer , chances are you will soon. This cohort is now 55 million strong. That comprises 35% of the entire country’s workforce. Treating freelancers like they are members of your own staff is a guiding principal. Doing so is vital for maintaining long-lasting relationships with individual freelancers as well as establishing a positive reputation in the freelance community at large.

How Technology Has Made It Harder to Measure Change

The concept of co-evolution warns us that  closely associated species influence each others development. And in recent economic history, no two 'species' have been more closely allied than technology and finance.

The financial markets monetized innovation while the results of the technological revolution produced both massive wealth and unforeseen changes in the way this civilization works and lives.

But disruption inevitably means that unexpected consequences abound. And among those, as the following article explains, is the efficacy of once reliable data to forecast, or even explain, changes in the capital markets.

This evolution has been evident for years as the economy has shifted from tangible to intangible. But those transformations have now begun to work backwards through the value chain, affecting the nature and the utility of the data being produced. This should not surprise us, given the profound nature of the socio-economic transmutation under way, but it serves as a reminder to enterprises and their leaders that it may be wise to reexamine their assumptions about the past and future - and the indicators that led to those conclusions. JL

Luke Kawa and Andrea Wong report in Bloomberg:

Once-dependable indicators traders relied on for decades to send out warnings are no longer up to the task. The rise of passive investing has added another layer of complexity to how the stock market operates. The pulse of market fear measuring the implied volatility of the S&P 500, is becoming more erratic because of the proliferation of exchange-traded products. "With all the changes, traditional indicators of financial stress aren’t working in the ways they used to."

Oct 18, 2016

Selfies Are Becoming A Proof of Identity

Which may lead to some pretty interesting conversations with employers and border control agents. JL

Trisha Thadani reports in the Wall Street Journal:

People see this technology and presume that it is safe, but in the end, it all just comes down to math. There is nothing safer about [facial recognition], except that it rules out the challenges of password management. In 2014 and 2015, hackers stole 5.6 million fingerprints of current and former federal employees. Federal experts believe that, as of now, the ability to misuse fingerprint data is limited but this probability could change over time as technology evolves.

The Rise of the Truly Awful Webcam Interview

Resistance is futile: because, as the following article explains, the alternative is...nothing. JL

Rebecca Greenfield reports in Bloomberg:

Hilton got its hiring cycle down to 4.5 days, almost 20 days shorter than the average interview process. Cigna has cut travel expenses for recruiters from $1 million a year, in some cases, to under $100,000.Candidates will generally say, 'I would have preferred an in-person interview to this,' but that's not the right comparison. The alternative is no interview at all.

Global Demand for Energy Will Peak in 2030: World Energy Council

In reality, this is kind of a 'Yay! But...' finding because, as the following article explains, it presumes continued growth in alternative energy and smart systems to offset continued growth in electricity demand. JL

Rob Davies reports in The Guardian:

But while energy demand would  fall, demand for electricity would double by 2060, requiring greater infrastructure investment in smart systems. Solar and wind accounted for 4% of power generation in 2014 but could supply up to 39% by 2060. Hydroelectric and nuclear are also expected to grow. But fossil fuels will remain the number one source of energy, having fallen just 5% since 1970 from 86% of energy supply to 81% in 2014.

Why IBM Is Betting Big On Watson To Become Its Growth Engine

IBM wants Watson to be a - if not the - dominant artificial intelligence platform to drive enterprise growth across a range of industries. Including its own. JL

Steve Lohr reports in the New York Times:

A.I. is also the new arena of high-stakes competition in computing, fueled by big data and innovations in software algorithms.The market — defined as A.I.-related hardware, software and services — will surge from $8 billion this year to $47 billion by 2020. (And) by 2020, 60 percent of A.I. applications will run on the platform of four companies: Amazon, Google, Microsoft and IBM.

When McKinsey Meets Uber: The Gig Economy Comes To Consulting

Decreasing white collar - and tech - job security combined with easy access to powerful communications and technology tools is increasing the ranks of independent consultants.

But these experienced, well educated and successful executives or analysts face the same challenge as their less well compensated Uber and Task Rabbit colleagues: economic uncertainty. JL

Andrew Hill reports in the Financial Times:

A fifth of staff at the biggest consultancies leave every year. In the coming decade, that source will probably bulge with former white-collar staff looking to fill longer working lives, and younger ones aspiring to a variegated career. Like gig economy workers in less well-paid jobs the main attraction of independent consulting is flexibility. But that is offset by one of its principal disadvantages: volatility. Financial security, combined with income predictability.

Is Silicon Valley A Meritocracy?

Would it surprise you to learn that the answer depends how you define 'merit?'

The fact that 80% of women surveyed said success in tech was not based on merit is not much of a surprise given the well-known issues the industry has with gender.

But when 50% of men say it isnt based on competence or merit, the question becomes, well, if not merit, than what?

Some of this may come down to the (relatively) age old dispute between marketers and coders who acknowledge the need for each others existence, but not necessarily their value. In an era when machines are increasingly taking over many of the tasks previously shouldered (or thumbed...) by humans, there are potentially significant questions about what constitutes competence, in what fields and what success means.  JL

Adrienne LaFrance reports in The Atlantic:

The vast majority of women—some 80 percent of them—said success in the industry is not primarily based on competence, but men were split down the middle: Fifty percent said it was a meritocracy; 50 percent said it wasn’t.

Oct 17, 2016

Why the US Military Is Learning To Fight Small Robots

Swarms of small, even microscopic, drones may turn out to be the most difficult enemy against which conventional and unconventional forces have to defend themselves. 

So learning how to both attack and defend with them is becoming a military priority. Especially since there is a growing fear that Russia and China may be ahead of the US and NATO in this particular field of endeavor. JL

Patrick Tucker reports in Quartz:

On the 2030 battlescape, soldiers will command drones via a linked-up “warrior suit” featuring “integrated displays that aggregate a common operating picture, provides intelligence updates, and integrates indirect and direct fire weapons systems.” Read that to mean firing for effect from your face. Armed ground units become increasingly autonomous as unmanned combat vehicles with advanced payloads. "It’s one of the reasons we need an open architecture.”

Facebook Has Repeatedly Trended Fake News Since Replacing Human Editors With Algorithms

Systems are programmed to look for patterns, not for accuracy, or even reality. JL

Caitlin Dewey reports in the Washington Post:

The Intersect logged every story that trended across four accounts during the workdays from Aug. 31 to Sept. 22. Five stories were indisputably fake and three were profoundly inaccurate. News releases, blog posts from sites such as Medium and links to online stores such as iTunes regularly trended. “I’m not surprised how many fake stories have trended. It was beyond predictable by anyone who spent time with the functionality of the product, not just the code.”

How Did Walmart Get Cleaner Stores and Higher Sales? It Paid Its People More

Henry Ford figured this out over a century ago, when he determined to pay his workers enough to afford his products, reasoning that the mass market was the path to growth. 

The larger issue for the global economy, and especially that in the US and Europe, is the degree to which the 'secret' to disappointing productivity may lie not in yet more new technological magic, but in treating and paying workers enough to motivate them optimally. JL

Neil Irwin reports in the New York Times:

The Walmart experiment shows pretty clearly that paying people better improves both the work force and the shoppers’ experience. Spending at the stores by employees has risen — offering a possible metaphor for what those efficiency-wage economists argue might happen across the economy, if wages were to climb.

Artificial Intelligence's Blind Spot: Garbarge In, Garbage Out

What if the real problem is not robots smarter than humans with diabolical plans for universal dominance but dumb machines to whom people have willingly ceded authority so those self-same humans can have more time for texting, taking selfies and writing snarky restaurant reviews? JL

Cory Doctorow reports in BoingBoing:

"People worry that computers will get too smart and take over the world, but the real problem is that they’re too stupid and they’ve already taken over the world."

Is the Big Data Boom Already Over?

Like all tech projects, big data initiatives have to be integrated into the broader strategy of the enterprise.

Too many silos and too little evidence of significant or comprehensible returns may be cooling corporate ardor for more - until the impact is better understood. JL


Steve Ranger comments in ZDNet:

Too many big data projects have been poorly built, and lack return on investment - so companies are spending their money on other priorities. 48 per cent of companies invested in big data in 2016, up three percent from 2015. But the proportion who plan to invest in big data within the next two years fell from 31 to 25 per cent in 2016.

Creativity Is Needed More Than Ever: So Why Are Organizations So Suspicious Of It?

People tend to fear that which they don't understand or for which they do not believe they have a gift. 

The traditional linearity of institutional decision making establishes a bias against disorder. Predetermined assumptions about the nature of creativity (not unlike those which promote the notion that innovation is only observed in products rather than in systems, processes or organizations) inculcate feelings of inadequacy and resentment.

Organizations wishing to nurture creativity and the people who generate it - whether inherently and/or professionally 'creative' or not - must make an effort to assure that creativity is valued and that everyone in the enterprise has the potential to benefit - and contribute. JL

Valerie Casey comments in the World Economic Forum:

Researchers concluded that the drive to reduce the very uncertainty upon which creative ideas appear to thrive resulted in feelings of potential failure and social rejection. Not only are creative ideas dismissed, but the people who come up with them are less likely to be promoted, recognized as leaders, or deemed to be reliable teammates.

Oct 16, 2016

Twitter's Trials and Snap's Success: Is Silicon Valley Too Dependent On 'Momentum?'

Live by hype, die by hype. JL

Steven Solomon comments in the New York Times:

Momentum can mint money in Silicon Valley, but you have to sustain it. The fickle gods of Silicon Valley will turn if the company can’t sustain its growth story. Once again Silicon Valley’s overreliance on momentum creates an unrealistic proxy for valuation. Snap will reap billions as a result, while Twitter will struggle to salvage what it can from what was once a valuation of more than $40 billion.

Implanted Brain Chips Let Paralyzed Man Feel Through A Robotic Arm

Intelligent prosthetics and, eventually, a workaround for paralysis? JL

Dennis Thompson reports in HealthDay:

A set of four brain implants -- chips half the size of a dress shirt button -- have allowed a 30-year-old man to not only control a robot arm but also feel sensations from the individual fingers of the arm.

Working In the Fastest Growing Profession

The future looks big. Green. And technical. JL

Bourree Lam reports in The Atlantic:

Between 2004 and 2009, wind power grew by nearly 40 percent in the U.S. Yet wind power only accounts for 4 percent of the electricity generated in the country. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates the profession of wind turbine technician as the fastest growing in the next decade

The Dazzling Tech Boom Has a Downside: Not Enough Jobs

The products are amazing, but the associated decline in employment and income raises questions about economic sustainability, to say nothing of political discord.

The longer term question is to what degree citizen- consumers will be willing to tolerate the financial impact of these trends. JL


Jon Hilsenrath and Bob Davis report in the Wall Street Journal:

Total employment at computer and electronic firms in the U.S. sank to 1.03 million in 2016 from 1.87 million in 2001. (And) as of 2014, employee compensation in computer and electronic-parts making was equal to 49% of the value of the industry’s output, down from 79% in 1999. The five largest U.S.-based tech companies—Apple, Alphabet, Microsoft, Facebook and Oracle are worth $1.8 trillion today. That is 80% more than the five largest tech companies in 2000. Today’s five giants have 22% fewer workers than their predecessors

Google's Artificial Intelligence Reasons Its Way Around London's Underground

Another step along the path to more human-like reasoning for artificial intelligence. JL

Elizabeth Gibney reports in Nature:

AI systems limited ability to represent complex relationships between data or variables has prevented them from conquering tasks that require logic and reasoning. DeepMind’s AI is a signal that neural networks are advancing beyond mere pattern recognition to human-like tasks such as reasoning.

Why Does Siri Now Seem So Dumb?

Siri was a revelation when 'she' was first introduced. But consumers' expectations have been raised, subsequently.

To keep up, let alone stay ahead, Apple is going to have to enhance Siri's capabilities. Soon. JL


Joanady Anordonez comments in Travelers Today:

Apple's Siri focuses more on tasks like placing phone calls, sending texts, and finding places rather than "long tail" questions, which aren't as popular with iPhone and iPad users.
Accordingly, such questions aren't popular anymore because people "just give up" on asking Siri these types of things due to failed responses.

Amazon To Boost This Year's Holiday Seasonal Hiring By 20% or 120,000 Workers

The increase reflects good news for Amazon, but not for the larger economy. As the following article explains, Amazon's additional hires merely offset the lower seasonal hiring from traditional retailers.

That a little more than 10% may eventually become full time employees is positive, but one is again left to wonder if this is a net economic gain or simply a transfer from businesses closed by ecommerce competition.

At some point society has to deal with the long term fall out. JL

Subrat Patnaik and colleagues report in Reuters:

Retailers such as Macy's, Target and Kohl's  said they plan to hire fewer temporary workers or to keep seasonal employment levels little changed this holiday season. More than 14,000 seasonal positions were transitioned to regular, full-time roles after the holidays last year, and the company expects to increase that number this year