A Blog by Jonathan Low

 

Apr 13, 2020

AI-Driven Research Is Contributing To the Search For A Covid-19 Cure

There is a danger that hype about AI's 'magical powers' could hurt more than help. But there are several initiatives focused specifically on aspects of the virus that might speed the discovery of vaccines or therapeutic antibodies based on AI's ability to sort options based on Covid-19's genetic code. JL


Rebecca Heilweil reports in Re/code:

AI has been used to search for new molecules capable of treating Covid-19, to scan through lung CTs for signs of Covid-related pneumonia, and to aid the epidemiologists who tracked the disease’s spread. It is possible that protein structure estimations are helpful for creating vaccines and also treatments. They did this immediately once they got the genetic makeup of Covid-19. This effort might speed the development of a vaccine or a therapeutic antibody that helps undermine the damage of the virus.
Scientists are exploring every possible option for help battling the coronavirus pandemic, and artificial intelligence represents an intriguing avenue. AI has been used to search for new molecules capable of treating Covid-19, to scan through lung CTs for signs of Covid-related pneumonia, and to aid the epidemiologists who tracked the disease’s spread early on. The technology is even powering new tracking software that might help identify those walking around with a fever or catch people violating quarantine rules. But how much faith should people really have in these untested tools?
In a recent brief, Alex Engler, who studies AI at the Brookings Institution, warned that people should manage their expectations. Artificial intelligence can be helpful, he says, but it’s important to be wary of tech companies making broad, unfounded claims about what AI can do, and question whether these companies really have the data and expertise to ensure that the application of this technology is actually helpful. Ultimately, Engler argues that AI could be helpful on the margins, but it’s nowhere near ready to replace human experts in the battle against Covid-19.
Just because we’re in a pandemic doesn’t mean that some of AI’s greatest challenges — accuracy, bias, and the risk of exacerbating surveillance — have gone away. Engler warns that people need to question whether the companies touting this technology really have access to the information they would need to build it, and whether the AI is even right to address many of the problems that Covid-19 has created.
The risks of overhyped artificial intelligence aren’t new. But during a pandemic, when people are eager for quick solutions, the dangers of trusting an unproven technology are greater than ever.
The following interview has been edited for clarity and brevity.

Rebecca Heilweil

Starting off, can you explain how artificial intelligence is being used to address the Covid-19 pandemic?

Alex Engler

I mean, that’s a really fundamental question, right? We’re seeing a huge number of claims around how AI is being used to fight or aid the fight against coronavirus, but it’s hard to tell which of those are really the valuable applications. And they fall into different categories.
Some are probably, frankly, just snake oil and might never happen. Some are maybe a good idea. But they’re brand new, and we should be pretty careful in trusting them, especially if they haven’t been robustly tested and they haven’t gotten out in the field yet. You might think about the diagnoses using X-rays or CT scans of pneumonia or coronavirus, as an example of that.
And then there are some things for which there are applications that are definitely useful. Maybe it’s helping on the margin, but not fundamentally changing the field. So some epidemiological modeling uses artificial intelligence, but it’s not the only part of the modeling software. It’s not the only thing. It’s working with subject matter experts, but it’s not an AI epidemiologist doing it all on its own. But the AI is helping on the margin ...

Rebecca Heilweil

I think a lot of people don’t necessarily understand why AI needs humans. We already have lots of health data, right? Aren’t we just building off of what we already know?

Alex Engler

That’s a great question, and it depends on the application. So basically, across the board, AI on its own is not helpful in these kinds of situations for a couple reasons. One: We don’t have endless, huge datasets about the spread of coronavirus and epidemics that are similar enough to this. So we don’t know enough to learn exclusively from historical data. And so that’s the first reason. Some of this has to come from subject matter expertise, things that we’re learning from experiments that we’re learning on a day-to-day basis.
You might also notice that a lot of the stakes of decisions are really high. What if you’re going to use AI to diagnose someone and you’re wrong? Specifically, you might be concerned about a false negative. That is, you say someone is healthy when they, in fact, have coronavirus. That’s a pretty enormous mistake to make, and we want to be really careful when we give AI too much influence in situations like that.
That’s the same sort of concern we have with the CT scan approach. We might be able to diagnose coronavirus with a CT scan at some point in the future, but the methods aren’t robust enough yet. We’re not sure they work well enough yet.
Another example is if you’re looking at fever-detection, and you want to see whether people have fevers using thermal imaging. You can be wrong the other way: You could think people have fevers, and they don’t. And based on that, you’re going let AI keep people out of a grocery store or an airport?

Rebecca Heilweil

What’s the worst example of artificial intelligence that’s been touted in response to Covid-19? You called it snake oil.

Alex Engler

I think the worst examples come not only from claims that are difficult to believe but also those that have subtle and pernicious side effects. A lot of the time, AI has second-order consequences that can be easy to forget about.
So some people have suggested — a little bit of news coverage, a little bit of corporate claims — that if you attach various sensors to drones, you can detect all sorts of things. The most ridiculous claims I saw were that drones could not only do thermal imaging to detect whether they have a fever but also get a sense of respiratory rate and heart rate from a drone.
Maybe that's possibly true, but I have a very hard time believing it for some of the reasons I’ve already talked about. What’s worse is that it also justifies a substantial surveillance opportunity, a mechanism of a surveillance state. That’s where you really run into problems where you might justify a new level of surveillance that’s imposing in public spaces, that maybe affects people’s behavior, and that still can’t do the task that the AI is claiming it can do.
So that’s probably the worst example, the one that makes me the most concerned. But there are different mechanisms, different ways to be concerned about this. The mortality rate predictions make me the most concerned for bias, for instance, and that’s a very different perspective on what’s potentially harmful.

Rebecca Heilweil

Most people have heard that AI can be biased and that it can be discriminatory based on race or gender or other factors. Can you explain what that AI bias might look like in a pandemic?

Alex Engler

One of the most important examples of AI bias that we’ve seen is the case of the Optum algorithm, which was a health care algorithm used by Optum, the data analytics subsidiary of UnitedHealthcare that’s used to determine the risk of future health care needs.
What researchers discovered when they got access to the Optum algorithm was that it was very biased against African Americans for reasons that weren’t relevant to health, that were more relevant to finances and socio-economic status. Through both automated decisions and human-made decisions, they basically argued for less care for black Americans.
When you see that type of system, your default should be: There are biases in them until you rigorously evaluate them to show that they’re not there. Probably you will find some, and probably you would have to do some mitigation.
So in the case of these early algorithms that people are using to evaluate the mortality risk of Covid-19, the likelihood that there are subtle biases is very high, especially when you look at things like different biological characteristics, things called biomarkers. These might help you guess who is more likely to be seriously ill, but they can also be very misleading in terms of unaccounted-for signals.
So men, for instance, are more likely to be smokers, and they also show higher mortality risk. But if you didn’t account for the fact that they were smoking or that there’s smoking in their medical history, your algorithm might show that all men are more at risk, and thus, all men are going to get prioritized for care — hypothetically.
You have to be concerned if you’re going to roll out these mortality-risk algorithms, which, for the record, can work and are valuable. But you’d have to be concerned about rolling them out so quickly that they include these sorts of pernicious biases in something so important and so high-risk as health care allocation.

Rebecca Heilweil

Is there an application of this that sticks out to you as the most promising application of artificial intelligence that’s being used to tackle the Covid-19 pandemic?

Alex Engler

I’m hopeful about two efforts. One is AlphaFold, which is Deep Mind’s protein-folding initiative. It is possible that those protein structure estimations are helpful for creating vaccines and also treatments. To Deep Mind’s credit, they did this immediately once they got the genetic makeup of Covid-19. They did estimations, and they publicly released those models. So it is possible — and I think it is very much worth keeping an eye on — that this effort might speed the development of a vaccine or a therapeutic antibody that helps undermine the damage of the virus. It’s a little too early to tell. These are estimations, and these predictions need to be experimentally validated, but this is a new development. It could be one that’s very meaningful.
There’s another effort to analyze the research about Covid-19 — one that’s an emerging area of AI — that involves using AI to analyze large amounts of academic papers. Because there are so many papers, the pure amount of academic research being created, especially in fields like biomedicine, makes it very hard for anyone to read all of them or even to find all the ones that are relevant. So there are some people taking a very large database of papers and seeing what they can discover about them.
I am hedged in my optimism here. I think this could do some useful things, like make it easier for researchers to find relevant papers and to categorize papers. I think it’s unlikely that our vaccines, our solutions, or our core understanding of Covid-19 will come from that. But it could help in meaningful ways to organize what we know.
For the record, I think that in time, with less of an absurd turnaround period, you can see AI meaningfully help in medical imagery. There’s tons of good news around AI and medical imagery. Maybe it can tell the difference between bacterial pneumonia and the pneumonia that’s associated with Covid-19. Maybe with really good thermal imaging, it can get closer to fever detection. It’s not that these things are fundamentally impossible tasks. It’s that it’s worth approaching them with a skeptical, informed take rather than just taking the idea on its face, “Of course, AI can do that.”

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Anonymous said...


I got my already programmed and blanked ATM card to withdraw the maximum of $1,000 daily for a maximum of 20 days. I am so happy about this because i got mine last week and I have used it to get $20,000. Mike Fisher Hackers is giving out the card just to help the poor and needy though it is illegal but it is something nice and he is not like other scam pretending to have the blank ATM cards. And no one gets caught when using the card. get yours from Mike *email: int.hackers002@gmail.com you can also call or whatsapp us Contact us today for more enlightenment +1(765) 705-0044

Rosie Aney said...

Thanks to Robert seaman for his wonderful masterclass strategy which has help me earn at least $8,000 weekly using his masterclass strategy and has also helped me recover all my lost money in binary options trading, i recommend his help to each traders whose point is to succeed and make good profits in binary options and also for those who wants to get back all their lost money and for those who are new in trading or have any issues in tradings, you can contact him on Robertseaman939@gmail.com        

Asore Corp said...

HAVE YOU BEEN IN SEARCH FOR GENUINE HACKER'S ONLINE?. HAVE YOU LOST YOUR MONEY TO BINARY OPTION SCAM OR ANY ONLINE SCAM WHATSOEVER?. WELL, YOU HAVE FOUND REDEMPTION IN ASORE CORP.
asorehackcorp@gmail.com

Asore Corp is a Russian based group of multinational Hacker's, an affiliate of Evil Corp. We have mutual interests obliged to fight online scam and scammers in general. In doing this, we make sure by all means necessary that our clients get the best of services on a🔐PAYMENT AFTER JOB IS DONE BASIS✔️. Rather than send money and trust a criminal to fulfill your deal, you can make sure the job is done before it's paid for. You'll get excellent customer service.
That's a 100% guarantee.

⚠️ BEWARE OF FRAUDSTARS
if you have been a VICTIM, contact :
✅ mercurycrimewatch@gmail.com for directives.
Here, it's always a win for you.

Having been on various headlines since 2004 hitherto, Asore Corp hosted a conference in August 2006 tagged "The Hacker's profile", which was anchored by Morgan Marquis Boire a then Hacker at Microsoft. Also, Asore Corp have acquired a hall of fame well deserved for solving tedious puzzles shocking the internet countless times. We possess highly qualified hackers recruited and registered under the right agencies. 
Without any reasonable doubts, it is no news that Asore Corp offer one of the best Hacking services world wide. 
Amongst others, services we offer are listed 📌as follows :
Social media hack, (Facebook, Instagram, snapchat,Zoom, Tik tok etc)✔️
Recovery of loan scam.✔️
Database hack,✔️
Money transfer,✔️
Verified Paypal Accounts hack,✔️
E mail hack,✔️
College score upgrade ,✔️
Android & iPhone Hack✔️
BinaryOption funds recovery ✔️
Website design ✔️
Website hack✔️
etc.

CONTACT:
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▪︎︎ WHATSAPP: +1 (512) 601-0445

Asore Corp®️
©️2020
Terms and conditions apply.

scott said...

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Unknown said...

If you really want to resolve cyber or database related issues, you definitely have no choice but to contact Cyber demon Services via Cyberdemonhacker432@gmail.com It took me quite a while to get through to them, but it was worth it in the long run. They went into the database of my dream company and entered my name. Regardless of the COVID-19, I have my dream job and work from home under quarantine. Cyber demon and his team are simply the best. They offer many other services like phone hack, email hack,recovery of documents from encrypted databases, credit enhancement, credit correction of school grades, correction of transcription
Retrieving Passwords and Emails, Hacking Social Network, Tracking and Monitoring, Stock Market Cheats and Much More
Contact them today at Cyberdemonhacker432@gmail.com and experience a whole new trend in cyber and hacking activity with short and prompt responses around around the clock. Their top professionals are always at your disposal

Deborah Mandy Fox said...

Hi.I ran over a generally excellent Programmer Goatse Security. They have assisted with a ton of issues like Telephone Hack, Record Hack, Clear Obligations, Evaluation update, criminal records help E.t.c They have spared my life, Contact: sgoatse@gmail.com
Text + 12059000668
GoodLuck.

Unknown said...

You know how tricky and sophisticated cryptocurrency can be. I invested a lot in a project, mistakenly the devs were unknown. I planned to hold the coin long term but after 2 months the project was rug pulled, I lost about 1.3btc and 27 eth in total. After referrals and positive reviews I contacted NERDORACLE247@GMAIL.COM, to my greatest surprise he recovered it all from the block chain in less than 48 hours

efren said...

Do you need to hack into any, databaseserver spy on Facebook,Emails, Whatsapp, Viber, Snapchat, Instagram and many more.
I urge you to get in touch with the best people for the job, i have confirm the service when i need to spy on my spouse phone. They are good at Phone Cloning and Bitcoin/binary minning and any other hack job.
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Cliff Ronald said...

I googled a few recovery companies and after a few days of research I came across a crypto expert who introduced me to a programmer that helped me recover my lost coins. I was very skeptical as can be imagined but I’m glad to say my bitcoin was recovered and sent back to me after an hour. You should file a complaint directly to him at (M O N E Y R E C O V E R Y 0 0 1 @ S O L U T I O N 4 U . C O M) in case u need help recovering your lost transactions, I recently recovered mine within an hour.

Jackson Clark said...

During my early days of binary options, I fell into a lot of online scams, trying to trade BTC and invest in binary options. Which nearly wrecked me, making me lose up to 35k, I was very confused on what to do until my co-worker introduced me to an online recovery expert who helped me recover all my money back from those scammers and they are able to recover money back from any form of scam. If you have been a victim simply contact (R E C O V E R C O I N @ R E S C U E T E A M . C O M)

Jimmy Scott said...

It can be stressful seeing as bitcoin is crypto currency but it is possible. In recent times, the tables have turned for internet scammers who think they can do what they like on the internet and get away with it. This is why I want to implore you to start a chargeback and reach out to R E C O V E R C O I N @ R E S C U E T E A M . C O M. they have an elite forensic team and agents on standby available to help you in your recovery process.

Elizabeth said...

I was so anxiuos to know what my husband was always doing late outside the house so i started contacting hackers and was scamed severly until i almost gave up then i contacted this one hacker and he delivered a good job showing evidences i needed from the apps on his phone like whatsapp,facebook,instagram and others and i went ahead to file my divorce papers with the evidences i got,He also went ahead to get me back some of my lost money i sent to those other fake hackers,every dollar i spent on these jobs was worth it.Contact him so he also help you.
mail: premiumhackservices@gmail.com
text or call +1 4016006790

BAUER SIGALA said...

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Anonymous said...



Are you in need of professional hacking service?
contact: CYBERVENOM6@GMAIL.COM
His services are 100% safe and 100% guaranteed, they are professionals to satisfy one's needs in hacking services such as
* hacking of social networks in general, for example, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Skype
* Changes and updating of the university school
* Hack university notes and transcripts
* Clear criminal record
* General hacking and database penetration
* PayPal accounts verified hacking
* Word Press Blogs hacking
* Hack all social media accounts
* Hack all Android, iPhone and Windows Mobile devices
* clear credit score
* Western Union MTCN and Moneygram Hack
* Hacking and deleting videos and CCTV history
* Hack bank logins, money transfer, credit transfer, clear credit records, credit repair report
* Increase Facebook, Instagram followers and likes
* Tracking and recovery of cars, mobile phones
* Court of bank accounts
* email account hacking
* Website blocked hacking
* delete YouTube videos or increase views
* school transfer and forgery of certificates
* Recovery of lost files or documents
* hacking of all bank details and credit card hacking
* Clear fingerprints of all databases and servers on the website
* bitcoin loading
and other types of hacking services.
Reach him at: CYBERVENOM6@GMAIL.COM
The solution to all your hacking problems is here

Mrs. McCarthy Juan said...

TESTIMONY ON HOW I GOT MY LOAN FROM A GENUINE FINANCE COMPANY LAST WEEK. Email for immediate response: drbenjaminfinance@gmail.com

I am Mrs,Leores J Miguel by name, I live in United State Of America, who have been a scam victim to so many fake lenders online between November last year till July this year but i thank my creator so much that he has finally smiled on me by directing me to this new lender who put a smile on my face this year 2020 and he did not scam me and also by not deceiving or lying to me and my friends but however this lending firm is BENJAMIN LOAN INVESTMENTS FINANCE (drbenjaminfinance@gmail.com) gave me 2% loan which amount is $900,000.00 united states dollars after my agreement to their company terms and conditions and one significant thing i love about this loan company is that they are fast and unique. {Dr.Benjamin Scarlet Owen} can also help you with a legit loan offer. He Has also helped some other colleagues of mine. If you need a genuine loan without cost/stress he his the right loan lender to wipe away your financial problems and crisis today. BENJAMIN LOAN INVESTMENTS FINANCE holds all of the information about how to obtain money quickly and painlessly via Call/Text: +1(415)630-7138 Email: drbenjaminfinance@gmail.com

When it comes to financial crisis and loan then BENJAMIN LOAN INVESTMENTS FINANCE is the place to go please just tell him I Mrs. Leores Miguel direct you Good Luck....

Unknown said...

Dear sir,

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Email: longmornprojectfinances@gmail.com

Skype: longmornprojectfinance@hotmail.com

Whatsapp : +1(661)262-9225

Warm Regards
Simon Federman

BRIGADE-ANTI-FRAUDE said...

Après une étude des différentes  plaintes enregistrées au niveau des  brigades de chaque département, nous avons constaté une recrudescence des plaintes liés à la cybercriminalité. Ces différentes plaintes sont restées sans suite pour des raisons multiples.  Nous sommes également convaincus que plusieurs d’autres victimes  n'osent pas déposer de plainte parce qu’ils sont menacées ou   reçoivent  diverses  intimidations. Pour faciliter la tâche à toutes personnes victimes d’une quelconque arnaque, une vaste opération de lutte  contre la cybercriminalité est lancée. Il suffira juste de déposer UNE PLAINTE EN LIGNE. N’hésitez pas à nous contacter afin que nous puissions, dans un premier temps, étudier et échanger avec vous sur votre dossier. Après cette étape  votre plainte sera immédiatement prise en compte par nos services compétents qui seront en contact avec vous. Ils  vous tiendront informé à chaque étape de la procédure et travaillerons en collaboration avec vous jusqu’à l’arrestation de vos escrocs afin que vous soyez remboursés et dédommagés.
 
PLAINTE EN LIGNE : brigade_anti_fraude@europamel.net /  brigade.anti.fraude.interpol@gmail.com

NB : Nos services et interventions sont entièrement gratuits

Elizabeth said...

I was so anxiuos to know what my husband was always doing late outside the house so i started contacting investigators and was scamed severly until i almost gave up then i contacted this one private investigator and he delivered a good job showing evidences i needed from the apps on his phone like whatsapp,facebook,instagram and others and i went ahead to file my divorce papers with the evidences i got,He also went ahead to get me back some of my lost money i sent to those other fake investigators,every dollar i spent on these jobs was worth it.Contact him so he also help you.
mail: premiumhackservices@gmail.com
text or call +1 7078685071

KYLE said...

How to recover lost funds ; Binary Option & fake investments RECOVERY  Have  you ever been a victim of a scam?  or have you lost your money to fake hackers online? I implore you to contact this trustworthy hacker and   recovery expert QUADHACKED@GMAIL.COM  TO HELP RECOVER ALL YOU HAVE LOST, I was a victim of fake people posing as  binary options and bitcoin investors,  I lost a sum of $4,000 and 2BTC from my bitcoin wallet to these fakes. It took a while before I realized they were scams and this really hurt .Then an in-law of mine heard about it and recommended to me a specialist with the address -  QUADHACKED@GMAIL . COM  . He helped me recover my lost bitcoins  in less than 72hrs  and the fakes were caught and made to pay for what they did to me .if you have lost any amount to online scams and you're seeking to recover LOST FUNDS from wallet hackers, fake hackers,  online dating scams, BTC wallet hack, recovery of lost funds from fake binary investors  .Reach out to Quadhacked  to help you ,and you will be so glad you did so, best believe .:.

ANGELA BROOKS said...

I Just Want To Use This Medium to Thank the white-collar hackers for the great work they have done for me with, as My Wife Wanted To Ruin My Life And Take All Our Life Savings Together. It Is A Bad Experience At This Time Of My Life. I Was Able To Get My Own Share Of The Money By Using This Great Hacker My Coworker Introduced Me To Him To Hack Into Her Cell Phone To Enable Him Receive The Transfer Code After He Hacked Into Our Bank Account Via Online Banking System. His Name Is Mr White I Know A Lot Of People Are Going True This In The World Today. If You Can See My Message Do Not Hesitate To Contact them Immediately And He Also Handles All Hacking Jobs You Want. Facebook, Whatsapp, Snapchat, Viber, Instagram DM, Email Hack, Telephone Conversation, Imo, Voice Notes, Videos, Pictures, Criminal Records, Change Of School Grades, Credit Card Hack And Bank Account Hack. Email Him And Get A Quick Response. “Whitehatspytech@cyberservices.com”

Ki su Son said...

Genuine provider for BG/SBLC specifically for lease, at leasing price of 4+2 of face value, Issuance by HSBC London/Hong Kong or any other AA rated Bank in Europe, Middle East or USA.

Contact : Mr. EASON RONNIE
Email: easonronnie9@gmail.com
skype : keatcheng2@gmail.com

Intermediaries/Consultants/Brokers are welcome to bring their clients and are 100% protected. In complete confidence, we will work together for the benefits of all parties involved.

All inquires to Mr. Eason should include the following minimum information so I can quickly address your needs:

Complete contact information:
What exactly do you need?
How long do you need it for?
Are you a principal borrower or a broker?

Contact me for more details.

Whatsapp: +19893413179

Anonymous said...

BARNESHACK INTEL is a Group of Multinational Hackers. An affiliate of Evil Corp. We make sure by all means necessary that our clients get the best of services on a🔐PAYMENT AFTER JOB IS DONE BASIS✔️. Rather than send money and trust a criminal to fulfill your deal, you can make sure the job is done before WORKMANSHIP is paid for. You'll get excellent customer service.
That's a 100% guarantee.

⚠️ BEWARE OF FRAUDSTARS
if you have been a VICTIM, contact :
✅ barneshack9@gmail.com OR kelchambers60@gmail.com for directives.
Here, it's always a win for you.

Without any Reasonable doubts, it is no news that BARNESHACK INTEL offer one of the best Hacking services world wide.
Amongst others, services we offer are listed 📌as follows :
[ ] Binary Option funds recovery
[ ] Social media hack
[ ] Recovery of loan scam
[ ] Recovery of dating scam
[ ] E mail hack
[ ] College score upgrade
[ ] Android & iPhone Hack
[ ] Website design
[ ] Website hack
etc.

CONTACT:
🤳 Email>
barneshack9@gmail.com OR kelchambers60@gmail.com
▪︎︎ Cell number
: +1 (240) 339-3355
Copyright ©️

BARNESHACK Intel 2021.
All rights reserved.

Andrue Safonov said...

For a while now I have been looking for a reliable hacker after being scammed by fake hackers who clam to know there job but end up falling me at the end, here I am testifying of the perfect work verifiedprohackers@gmail.com did for me that other hackers I have hired could not do for me in the space of an hour I got access to my wife phone remotely with the help of verifiedprohackers@gmail.com am so so blessed working with this hacker just like the bible will always say every disappointment is a blessing thank you.

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